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Turkey, officially the Republic of Turkey, is a Eurasian country that stretches across the Anatolian peninsula in western Asia and Thrace (Rumelia) in the Balkan region of southeastern Europe. Turkey is bordered by eight countries: Bulgaria to the northwest; Greece to the west; Georgia to the northeast; Armenia, Azerbaijan (the exclave of Nakhichevan) and Iran to the east; and Iraq and Syria to the southeast. The Mediterranean Sea and Cyprus are to the south; the Aegean Sea and Archipelago are to the west; and the Black Sea is to the north. Separating Anatolia and Thrace are the Sea of Marmara and the Turkish Straits (the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles), which are commonly reckoned to delineate the border between Asia and Europe, thereby making Turkey transcontinental.
With one foot in Asia and the other foot in Europe, Turkey emerges on the tourist map as a fascinating cultural mystery, with ancient cities and towns and a history that rooted in the Biblical past. So that tourism in Turkey is focused largely on a variety of archaeological and historical sites, and on seaside resorts along its Aegean and Mediterranean coasts. In the recent years, Turkey has also becoming a popular destination for religious, spa, and health tourism.
Istanbul's evident prominence in the ancient world made it and Turkey the center of numerous great civilizations. As it passed through Byzantine and Roman hands, it changed the names Byzantine and Constantinople, eventually adopting its current name under Ottoman rule. The city is the country's tourist center as well as one of the most important tourism spots in the world. There are thousands of hotels and other tourist-oriented industries in the city, catering to both vacationers and visiting professionals. Turkey's largest city, Istanbul, has a number of major attractions derived from its huge historical status as capital of the Byzantine and Ottoman Empires. These include the Sultan Ahmed Mosque (the "Blue Mosque"), the Hagia Sophia, the Basilica Cistern, and the Spice Bazaar.
Beach vacations are also central to the Turkish tourism industry. Most beach resorts are located along the southwestern and southern Aegean coast, especially along the Mediterranean coast near Antalya. Antalya is also accepted as the tourism capital of Turkey.
The tourism sector has experienced rapid growth in the last twenty years, and constitutes an important part of the economy. In 2007, there were 27,214,988 visitors to the country, who contributed US $18.5 billion to Turkey's revenues.
Foreign tourists mainly come from the United Kingdom, Germany, Russia and Japan, but tourists from Arab countries, Iran, the USA, France and Scandinavia are not uncommon. There seems to be a trend in which British tourists tend to go on holiday to Aegean resorts such as Bodrum or Marmaris, whilst German and Russian tourists almost exclusively go to resorts on the Mediterranean coast of southern Turkey (e.g. Antalya), and Japanese tourists mainly visit Istanbul and historical sites such as Ephesus, Troy, and the ruined ancient cities of Cappadocia.
General information
Continent:
Europe
Subregion:
Southern Europe
Area:
783,562 sq km (302,535 sq mi)
Capital:
Ankara
Government:
Parliamentary republic
Population:
71.5 million
Languages:
The only official language of Turkey is Turkish. Kurdish is also spoken by an estimated 7-10% of the population. Several other languages are spoken too, like Laz in the northeast (also used in adjacent Georgiaand Arabic in the border with Syria in the southeast. Thanks to migration, even in rural areas most villages will have at least somebody who worked in Germany and can thus speak German. The same goes for other West-European languages like Dutch or French. English is also increasingly popular among the younger generation. In all popular tourist sites and resorts Russian has become quite common in use.
Religions:
Turkey is country with no official state religion; the Turkish Constitution provides the freedom of religion and conscience, but does not represent or promote a religion. The population of Turkey is predominantly Muslim (97.2%), mostly Sunni. The remainder of the population (2.8%) are mainly Christians (mostly Greek Orthodox and Armenian Apostolic) and Jews.
Time:
GMT +2
Currency:
Turkish lira (TRY)
Electricity:
220V / 50Hz (European plug)
Calling Code:
+90
Internet Domain:
.tr
Drives:
on the right
Tips:
A 10% tipping of the total bill or simply rounding up to the next lira for smaller purchases is welcome, though this is not a custom to be strictly followed. Some establishments charge an additional 10% on your bill that you have to pay, that is the “service chargeâ€, and sometimes it is not declared to the customer until the bill shows up. There is obviously not a reason to leave any more tip in that kind of places. It’s also a bit odd to tip in self-service restaurants and cheap bars. Taxi drivers usually tend to round up what the meter says to the next lira and give your change accordingly. So tipping is not necessary.
Visas:
Citizens of a great number of countries can get a sticker-type entry visa at the point of entry into Turkey for a minimum fee of US $10. The "stamps" are valid for one, two or three months depending on the visitor's nationality.
Airports:
Turkey's primary international gateway by air is Istanbul's Ataturk International Airport (IST). Ankara's Esenboga International Airport (ESB) handles a comparatively limited selection of flights from abroad. Antalya Airport (AYT) is operated in Turkey's primary holiday destination located on the country’s Mediterranean coast and handles about 20 million (mostly foreign) passengers.
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Ankara
